What is the Science Behind Out-of-Body Experiences (OBEs)?

Out-of-body experiences, or OBEs, sound like science fiction. But they are real, at least to those who experience them. OBEs involve the feeling of leaving your body and watching yourself from the outside. Around 5 to 20% of adults say they have had at least one. Some happen during trauma. Others show up in meditation, drug trips, or near-death situations.

Scientists don’t treat OBEs as magic. They treat them as brain glitches. The brain usually keeps your sense of self anchored inside your body. But during an OBE, something breaks that link. Your mind starts floating while your body stays put. The result feels real, like you are actually outside of yourself. But is that just an illusion?

OBEs and the Brain’s Control Center

Most OBEs can be traced back to a part of the brain called the temporoparietal junction, or TPJ. This area helps you keep track of your body in space. It pulls together signals from your eyes, ears, limbs, and skin. When this system works, you know where you are. When it fails, things get weird.

NCI / Unsplash / Doctors have triggered OBE-like sensations by zapping the TPJ with electricity. People say they feel like they are floating or outside their bodies.

Some describe watching themselves from the ceiling. The TPJ, along with the anterior precuneus, builds your body map. If the map glitches, you can lose your place.

Sensory Confusion and OBEs

OBEs often come from a sensory mismatch. Your brain relies on different signals to figure out your location. It takes input from the eyes, the inner ear, and your body’s pressure points. When these don’t line up, your brain can get confused and misplace “you.”

Think about when you spin around really fast and stop. The world seems to move. That is a tiny sensory conflict. In an OBE, it is that feeling cranked up. This might explain why pilots under high G-forces, or people in car crashes, report leaving their bodies. Their senses are scrambled, and the brain loses track of what is real.

What Triggers an OBE?

There is no single cause. OBEs can show up from physical trauma, like head injuries or seizures. Oxygen loss, like during drowning or fainting, can also bring them on. Some people report OBEs during surgeries or near-death events, when the body is under extreme stress.

Then there is the psychological angle. People with a history of childhood trauma, PTSD, or high stress may be more prone to OBEs. These moments might be the brain’s way of escaping when reality gets too intense. Instead of shutting down, the mind just checks out.

Kelvin / Pexels / Not all OBEs are accidental. Some people try to trigger them. Deep meditation, breathwork, or psychedelics like DMT and ketamine are known for creating OBE-like states.

These methods push the brain into altered states where the usual body-mind link gets blurry.

Others use sensory deprivation tanks or even VR setups to mess with their spatial sense. By removing or altering sensory input, they create the conditions for OBEs.

OBEs and Near-Death Experiences

Around 10 to 20% of cardiac arrest survivors say they experienced OBEs during their close call. They describe floating above their body, seeing a tunnel, or even reviewing their lives in detail. These experiences are vivid and often deeply emotional.

Some scientists think this could come from a final burst of brain activity before death. A spike in gamma waves, seen in animal studies, could explain the sudden clarity. Others argue it is the brain trying to make sense of death, maybe as a kind of rebirth fantasy pulled from memory fragments.